Distorted Practice of Restorative Justice in the Enforcement of Criminal Law in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62193/ze7dhp98Keywords:
Case study, Normative analysis, Restorative Justice, Transactional justice, Victim protectionAbstract
Restorative Justice (RJ) as an alternative mechanism for resolving criminal cases aims to restore relationships between offenders and victims through mediation and peaceful agreements. However, the implementation of RJ in Indonesia often deviates from its foundational principles, potentially turning into a form of transactional justice. This study employs a normative legal analysis method combined with case studies of a 2023 rape case in the Ministry of Cooperatives and SMEs and a school arson case in Garut involving Munir Alamsyah. The approach includes statutory review and conceptual analysis of Restorative Justice principles. The findings reveal that weak oversight, regulatory gaps, and lenient interpretations render RJ vulnerable to misuse, often sidelining victims’ rights and resulting in substantive injustice. This paper concludes that the application of RJ in Indonesia requires stricter supervision and regulatory reform to prevent misuse and ensure the protection of victims rights.
Downloads
References
Anfara Jr., Vincent A., Katherine R. Evans, dan Jessica N. Lester. “Restorative Justice in Education: What We Know so Far.” Middle School Journal 44, no. 5 (1 Mei 2013): 57–63.
Coutinho, Allan Michel Jales. Curriculum Work and Social Justice Leadership in a Post-Reconceptualist Era: Attaining Critical Consciousness and Learning to Become. New York, NY: Routledge, 2022.
Garcia, Virginia, Hari Sutra Disemadi, dan Barda Nawawi Arief. “The Enforcement of Restorative Justice in Indonesia Criminal Law.” Legality: Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum 28, no. 1 (31 Maret 2020): 22–35.
Gavrielides, Theo. Restorative Justice Theory and Practice: Addressing the Discrepancy. London: RJ4All Publications, 2020.
Hanifah Febriani, Carissa Maharani, dan Sadida Amalia Izzatul Haq. “Pengaturan Mediasi Penal Pasca Regulasi Keadilan Restoratif di Kepolisian, Kejaksaan, dan Mahkamah Agung.” Media Keadilan: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 14, no. 1 (30 April 2023): 152–176.
Langford, R. “Talking as Restorative Justice: A Conversation Analysis of Victim-Offender Meetings,” 11 Maret 2021, 56, https://salford-repository.worktribe.com/output/1337496/talking-as-restorative-justice-a-conversation-analysis-of-victim-offender-meetings.
McAlinden, Anne-Marie. ‘Grooming’ and the Sexual Abuse of Children: Institutional, Internet, and Familial Dimensions. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.
Nuroini, Indi. “Efektivitas Penerapan Restorative Justice dalam Kasus Pidana di Indonesia.” Jurnal Cahaya Mandalika 5, no. 2 (22 Juni 2024): 818–828.
Pandiangan, Lindung. “Rekonstruksi Regulasi Kewenangan Advokat dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Berbasis Nilai Keadilan Restoratif.” Tesis doktoral, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung Semarang, 2024. https://repository.unissula.ac.id/37378/.
Paul, Gregory D., dan Ian M. Borton. Creating Restorative Justice: A Communication Perspective of Justice, Restoration, and Community. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2021.
Pratama, Nikolaus Adi, dan Elza Qorina Pangestika. “Peran Aparat Penegak Hukum dalam Mendukung Kebijakan Restorative Justice di Indonesia.” Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora dan Politik (JIHHP) 5, no. 1 (2024): 545–554.
Richards, Kelly, Jodi Death, dan Carol Ronken. “The views of victim/survivors of sexual violence about perpetrator post release measures.” Criminal Justice Studies 36, no. 4 (2 Oktober 2023): 418–437.
Saputri, Rahayu Mulyana, Fitri Wahyuni, dan Muhsin Muhsin. “Analisis Kebijakan dalam Hukum Pidana Perlindungan Anak pada Pembaruan Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak di Indonesia.” Selodang Mayang: Jurnal Ilmiah Bappeda Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir 10, no. 2 (31 Juli 2024): 133–139.
Selamat Widadi, Cholidi Zainuddin, dan Martini. “Tindak Pidana Persetubuhan yang Dilakukan oleh Anak; Analisis Penegakan Hukum Berdasarkan Asas Ultimum Remedium.” Legalite: Jurnal Perundang Undangan dan Hukum Pidana Islam 9, no. 2 (21 September 2024): 185–201.
Sihombing, Lasmin Alfies. “Restorative Justice, Kejahatan, Hukuman, dan Peradilan Pidana: Sebuah Analisis Kesejarahan, Peluang dan Tantangan.” UNES Law Review 6, no. 3 (25 April 2024): 8904.
Sihombing, Lasmin Alfies, dan Yeni Nuraeni. “Efektifkah Restoratif Justice? Suatu Kajian Upaya Optimalisasi Sistem Peradilan Pidana di Indonesia.” Jurnal Hukum Mimbar Justitia 9, no. 2 (2023): 273–304.
Strong, Karen Heetderks. Restoring Justice: An Introduction to Restorative Justice. Abingdon, Oxfordshire: Routledge, 2014.
Sugama, Fauzan dkk. “Efektivitas Penerapan Restorative Justice Dalam Penyelesaian Tindak Pidana Anak di Indonesia.” JIMMI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Multidisiplin 1, no. 3 (27 Oktober 2024): 303–316.
Suzuki, Masahiro. “Revisiting the real story of Restorative Justice in the criminal justice system: 20 years on.” Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice 65, no. 2 (2023): 87–.
Thomaz, Camila Fernandes, dan Malini Laxminarayan. Survivor Centred Justice. Abingdon, Oxfordshire: Routledge, 2025.
Tonry, Michael. “Is cross national and comparative research on the criminal justice system useful?” European Journal of Criminology 12, no. 4 (2015): 505–516.
Walgrave, Lode. “Concerns about the meaning of ‘Restorative Justice’. Reflections of a veteran.” The International Journal of Restorative Justice 6, no. 3 (2023): 353–369.
Wemmers, Jo-Anne M. Victims in the Criminal Justice System. Westport, CT: Kugler Publications, 1996.
Widiatmika, Dewa Putu Hendra. “Penerapan Perpol Nomor 8 Tahun 2021 Tentang Penanganan Tindak Pidana Berdasarkan Keadilan Restoratif di Direktorat Reserse Kriminal Umum Polda Bali.” IJOLARES: Indonesian Journal of Law Research 1, no. 1 (2023): 1–5.
Zehr, Howard. The Little Book of Restorative Justice: Revised and Updated. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster, 2015.
Zehr, Howard, Allan MacRae, Kay Pranis, dan Lorraine Stutzman Amstutz. The Big Book of Restorative Justice: Four Classic Justice & Peacebuilding Books in One Volume. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster, 2022.
Zernova, Margarita. Restorative Justice: Ideals and Realities. London: Routledge, 2016.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Syaifullah Noor, Kamil Ismail Banapon , Tamboa Ketum Levis (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
